Biden backs advanced fighter jets, pilot training for Ukraine

US President Joe Biden told G7 leaders that Washington will support providing advanced warplanes including F-16s to Ukraine and will back efforts to train Kyiv's pilots, a senior White House official said Friday.

The US move signals a major breakthrough for Kyiv, which has repeatedly -- and until recently unsuccessfully -- pushed its Western supporters to agree to provide high-tech jets as it fights to fend off Russia's invasion.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky -- who is set to meet Biden during the G7 summit in Japan -- hailed the move as a "historic decision," adding that he looked forward to "discussing the practical implementation" of the plan in Hiroshima.

Biden said the United States "will support a joint effort with our allies and partners to train Ukrainian pilots on fourth-generation fighter aircraft, including F-16s, to further strengthen and improve the capabilities of the Ukrainian Air Force," according to the official.

"As the training takes place over the coming months, our coalition of countries participating in this effort will decide when to actually provide jets, how many we will provide, and who will provide them."

The UK, Belgium, and the Netherlands welcomed the decision.

"The UK will work together with the USA and the Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark to get Ukraine the combat air capability it needs," Prime Minister Rishi Sunak tweeted, adding: "We stand united."

Denmark's acting defence minister Troels Lund Poulsen said it "will now be able to move forward for a collective contribution to train Ukrainian pilots to fly F-16s."

Zelensky's chief of staff said the Ukrainian president and Biden would discuss a series of topics when they meet in Japan, including the international fighter jet coalition, thanks to which Kyiv "will very soon have everything it needs to protect our skies, our cities and our citizens."

Momentum has been building for providing high-tech warplanes to Ukraine, but US support is key, as it legally has to approve the re-export of US equipment purchased by allies, including F-16 jets.

'Psychological significance' 

Earlier this week, Sunak and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte pledged to build an "international coalition" to provide fighter jet support for Ukraine, a move Zelensky described as "very positive."

Sunak said Monday that the UK was preparing to open a flight school to train Ukrainian pilots, and French President Emmanuel Macron also offered to do so but ruled out sending warplanes to Kyiv.

Previously, US opposition to providing advanced jets centred around the long timeline and high price, with officials saying there were more cost-effective means to boost Kyiv's air defences.

Last month, top US military officer General Mark Milley argued that ground-based defences were a better option.

"The task is to control the airspace," he told journalists in Germany.

"The fastest way to do that for Ukraine is through air defence."

But F-16s appear likely to join the list of other advanced systems such as Western tanks and long-range weaponry that Ukraine's supporters have agreed to provide after initial reluctance.

Mark Cancian, a senior adviser at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, said ahead of the White House official's comment that F-16s are "very expensive and aren't going to radically change the balance of power."

But he also noted that they have "psychological significance" due to Zelensky's repeated requests.

The United States has spearheaded the push for international support for Ukraine, quickly forging a coalition to back Kyiv after Russia invaded in February 2022 and coordinating aid from dozens of countries.

Total international military assistance for Kyiv is in the tens of billions of dollars, with the United States the lead donor.

In addition to hundreds of tanks and other armoured vehicles, assistance for Kyiv has included air defence systems, precision rocket launchers, artillery pieces, and a wide variety of ammunition.

The United States has also trained 11 Ukrainian battalions -- some 6,100 troops -- in combined arms operations and 4,000 on individual systems.

More than two dozen other countries are also involved in the training effort, which has provided instruction to more than 52,000 Ukrainian troops so far.