Tehran has struck numerous oil fields and energy facilities in neighbouring Gulf Arab countries amid the US-Israeli war on Iran, prompting a significant halt in oil production, sending global prices soaring.
The New Arab breaks down the sites across the Gulf Arab states that Iran has targeted or has been accused of hitting over the past three weeks.
The UAE
The UAE has borne the brunt of most of Iran's attacks on the GCC.
The Fujairah Oil Industry Zone, located in the northern emirate on the Gulf of Oman coast, has been hit multiple times since 3 March, prompting disruptions to oil shipments and damage to the complex.
More recently, the zone has been hit at least three times in the past four days this week, with an incident on Monday prompting plumes of dark smoke billowing from the area.
Also in the UAE, the Shah gas field was targeted by Iranian drone strikes on Monday, halting production while damage was assessed.
Earlier this month, the Mussafah Fuel Terminal in southwest Abu Dhabi was also struck by a drone, causing a fire.
Saudi Arabia
On 2 March, an Iranian drone attack hit the Saudi Aramco-owned Ras Tanura oil refinery, which is the country’s largest.
According to authorities, both drones were successfully intercepted en route to their target. Debris from the interception reportedly caused a fire in the plant, which was contained, while the complex suffered minor damage.
The refinery decided to halt oil production out of safety concerns.
The Shaybah oil field was also targeted on at least two occasions - on 9 and 12 March, with interceptors successfully intercepting the incoming Iranian drones.
Iran has denied being behind attacks on Saudi Arabia's oil infrastructure.
Iraq
The Majnoon oil field, located near the southern city of Basra and considered one of the world’s largest oil fields, has been targeted on multiple occasions by Iranian drones.
On Monday, Iranian drones struck a communications tower inside the field, while the second targeted an office belonging to the US corporation KBR.
On Friday, two drones fell inside the field, without causing any damage or injuries.
Qatar
On 2 March, liquified natural gas (LNG) production at the Ras Laffan Industrial City had to be halted due to drone attacks damaging the facility.
Following these attacks and disruptions, gas prices in Europe soared by almost 50 percent, while benchmark Asian prices rose by 39 percent.
Drones also targeted a water tank at a power plant in Mesaieed, without reporting any casualties, earlier this month.
Oman
While Oman has the friendliest of ties with Tehran compared to other Arab Gulf states, it has not been spared from Iranian attacks, although Muscat has not attributed blame.
Iran has allegedly hit Oman's key port cities, including Sohar, Muscat, Duqm, and Salalah, with at least two foreign nationals killed on the mainland.
Two oil tankers off the coasts of Muscat and Khasab were also hit on 1 and 2 March, killing at least one person.
Other oil fields in the region have halted production, despite not being directly affected, as a precautionary measure due to the volatile situation.
Most notably, Iran also focused its attacks on tankers in the strategic Strait of Hormuz, where one-fifth of the world’s oil passes through, effectively closing the maritime passage and triggering a disastrous impact on production, exports, and global oil prices.
Iran’s attacks on the oil and energy sector across the Middle East, a natural gas powerhouse and home to nearly half of the world’s oil reserves and exports, have been condemned by the Gulf states, as well as by Amnesty International, which has warned of the devastating risks to civilians and the environment this aggression can have.
Some 3,000 projectiles fired from Iran have targeted the Gulf since the outbreak of the US and Israeli war on Tehran on 28 February. The attacks initially started as a retaliation against the American aggression, targeting US interests, but have gone on to hit civilian infrastructure, including gas fields and oil export hubs.
Such strikes have caused a number of casualties in the Arab Gulf states, including at least 15 civilian deaths.
The US and Israel have also targeted oil interests in Iran since the onset of the war, mostly notably Kharg Island, a key oil export hub.