Infantino has built close soccer and political ties to Saudi Arabia and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in his 10-year presidency.
The image of a football game amid the ruins of destroyed buildings was taken down for fear of "controversy" or offending anyone.
FIFA vice-president and council member Sandor Csanyi of Hungary said Infantino has "lost the confidence I previously placed in you".
The Swiss administrator had proposed carving off the commercial rights to the World Cup and selling 20% to private investors to raise about $4.2 billion.
Palestinian association football will resume in September after it came to a complete stop with the Gaza War
Morocco and Algeria reach the WAFCON semi-finals and qualify for the 2027 Women’s World Cup after dramatic quarter-final victories.
The 34-year-old Egyptian international reached "a two-year agreement" with the club on the Black Sea coast who will compete in the Europa League play-off round.
One clear advantage for Infantino as he looks to extend his presidency until 2031 is that there is no clear candidate to stand against him in March's election.
Far from calming the waters or shoring up his presidency, Infantino has been swamped with criticism of his style of leadership.
Algeria parted ways with coach Vladimir Petkovic on Monday, despite the Bosnian signing a contract extension before the World Cup.