Israel continued its strikes on Iran on Saturday, pressing on with an offensive it began a day earlier that targeted Iranian nuclear and military facilities, prompting counterattacks by Iran.
Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz warned that "Tehran will burn" if Iran continued its retaliation.
In a televised address Friday night, Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei vowed to bring Israel "to ruin".
International calls for restraint are multiplying, as fears grow the Middle East could be on the threshold of a broader conflict.
Here is what we know about the attacks so far.
Iranian casualties
Israel's strikes on Iran have killed at least 20 key military figures and scientists in Iran since Friday.
Among the Iranian military officials killed are:
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Major General Mohammad Bagheri — Armed Forces Chief of Staff
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General Hossein Salami — IRGC Commander-in-Chief
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General Gholam Ali Rashid — IRGC central command
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General Amir Ali Hajizadeh — IRGC Aerospace Force head
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Deputy generals Gholamreza Mehrabi and Mehdi Rabbani
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Quds Force commander Esmail Qaani
Among the scientists killed by Israel were Fereydoon Abbasi-Davani, the former head of Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization and a leading nuclear physicist, and Mohammad Mehdi Tehranchi — a theoretical physicist and nuclear scientist.
Iran's ambassador to the United Nations said 78 people had been killed and 320 wounded in the first wave of strikes by Israel, with more casualties reported in the second wave of Israeli strikes on Saturday.
Israeli casualties
At least three Israelis were killed and 70 injured by Iran's retaliatory missile attacks overnight on Saturday.
Israeli media reported that at least 7 soldiers were among the wounded, having been injured by an Iranian strike on central Israel.
Iranian state media has claimed that air defence forces have shot down three Israeli f-35 fighter jets, however these reports have not been verified.
On Saturday, Israel's military said it was striking dozens of missile launchers in Iran after announcing it had targeted air defences with a wave of strikes in the Tehran area.
The Israeli air force "continues striking dozens of surface-to-surface missile launchers in Iran", the military said in a statement.
It said that overnight the air force "struck dozens of targets, including surface-to-air missile infrastructure, as part of the effort to damage the Iranian regime's aerial defence capabilities in the area of Tehran".
Iranian media has reported that the country's air defences have continued to intercept some Israeli attacks, including by shooting down drones.
Israel's attacks started in the early hours of Friday, a day of rest and prayer in Iran, and continued through the day across the country.
A key target was a vast underground uranium enrichment facility in Natanz, which Israel hit several times, according to Iranian state television.
Israel said another strike later Friday on Iran's uranium conversion plant in Isfahan damaged infrastructure for reconverting enriched uranium.
But Iran said the damage was limited, both in Isfahan and at another uranium enrichment facility at Fordo.
The full extent of the damage caused is unclear, however it is widely believed that the impact was limited, due to Iran's nuclear sites being largely underground. Analysts have speculated that Israel would require the fire power of the United States to fully penetrate and destroy Iran's civilian nuclear facilities.
Iran strikes back at Israel
Iran's military said it had carried out dozens of strikes on Israel overnight on Saturday, with the Kirya - describes as 'Israel's Pentagon' - being among the targets hit.
The Iranian strikes completely destroyed 9 buildings and damaged hundreds of apartments and vehicles in Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv district.
Around 300 Israelis in Greater Tel Aviv were evacuated due to their homes being damaged, while 100 Israelis evacuated from Ramat Gan, according to Israel's Channel 12.
Tel Aviv's Ben-Gurion Airport has been closed due to the conflict, with airport authorities saying that the closure would remain in place until further notice.
The full extent of the damage to Israel's infrastructure is not yet known, with information coming out of the country subject to a strict military censor.